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新能源電動(dòng)汽車操作安全

		點(diǎn) 擊數(shù)：	更新時(shí)間： 2021年05月09日
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豐田混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)
特殊的車輛需要有特別的維修，保養(yǎng)，意外事故和災(zāi)難或援救的操作程序
備注：新的PRIUS的THS系統(tǒng)或豐田混和動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)，他們與傳統(tǒng)的汽車不同，使用電能和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)來提供驅(qū)動(dòng)力。
同樣的，維修和保養(yǎng)的程序和傳統(tǒng)的車輛 也不同，需要特別注意,避免任何可能的事故
處理被損壞的PRIUS或發(fā)生車禍或?yàn)?zāi)難的車輛時(shí)，同樣要求按照特殊的程序
這里的介紹，和緊急對(duì)應(yīng)指導(dǎo)，介紹了出現(xiàn)這類情況的對(duì)策
he new Prius utilises THS or Toyota Hybrid System, which differs from conventional motor vehicles by using electricity as well as gasoline to provide the drive energy.
Likewise, the servicing and maintenance procedures differ from the conventional motor vehicle and requires special care and attention to minimise any potential risks.
Handling a damaged Prius, or a vehicle that has been involved in an accident or a disaster also requires special procedures.
This presentation, along with the emergency response guide, outlines the recommended actions to be taken in these situations.
Prius 特性
在維修PRIUS車輛時(shí)，如果采用不適當(dāng)方法或在工作中疏忽對(duì)待，會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重電擊或身體傷害的潛在危險(xiǎn)
內(nèi)有500 v 的電器零件和電路

高堿性的HV蓄電池電解液 (氫氧化鉀) 
備注：鎳金屬氫化電池的額定電壓為201.6V，每個(gè)單元內(nèi)的電解液由氫氧化鉀組成
如果錯(cuò)誤操作，這些特性都有可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重傷害甚至死亡
在動(dòng)手維修PRIUS前先進(jìn)行思考，不僅僅考慮到你自身的安全同時(shí)也要考慮附近人員的安全
The nickel-metal hydride battery in Prius is rated at 201,4 volts and the electrolyte within each cell is made of potassium hydroxide.
These features both have the capability to cause severe injury or death if mis-handled.
Always think before you act when dealing with Prius vehicles, not only for your own safety but the safety of anyone in the vicinity.
緊急事件對(duì)應(yīng)指導(dǎo)
已提供這樣的印刷培訓(xùn)手冊(cè)
認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)手冊(cè)的內(nèi)容將維修中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降到最低
備注：請(qǐng)學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)手冊(cè)，確認(rèn)自己DLR內(nèi)的所有有關(guān)安全設(shè)備可以隨時(shí)使用并保持狀態(tài)良好狀態(tài)
Please study the guide and ensure all the relevant safety equipment within your dealership is always available and in good order.
緊急事件對(duì)應(yīng)指導(dǎo)
維修防范也可以在修理手冊(cè)RM1076E1的導(dǎo)言部分或車身損傷維修手冊(cè)BRM124E中找到
備注：顯然，所有的必需的操作防范可以在有關(guān)PRIUS的底盤和車身修理手冊(cè)的導(dǎo)言部分或碰撞損傷維修手冊(cè)中找到
Obviously, all the necessary handling precautions can also be found in the introduction sections of the relevant Prius body and chassis service manuals as well as the collision damage repair manual.
高壓組成部分
所有高壓電線為橙色
備注：為了方便辨別，所有的PRIUS連接高壓回路部分的電線和接頭為橙色
高壓回路和其它回路和車身絕緣
高壓組成部分包含HV電池，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，變頻器，轉(zhuǎn)換器，和維修塞
To allow easy identification, all the Prius wiring and electrical harnesses that form part of the high voltage circuits are colour coded orange. 
These high voltage circuits are isolated from all other electrical circuits and the vehicles body.
The high voltage components include the HV battery, transaxle, inverter and converter and the service plug.
警告標(biāo)簽
備注：警告標(biāo)簽類似圖中被貼在HV電池和變頻器上
他們提供了基本的警告，操作說明和回收信息
Warning labels similar to this example have been placed on the HV battery case and inverter converter assembly.
They provide basic cautions, handling instructions and recycling information.
如果 你需要處理被損壞車輛，你必須保護(hù)好自己，以免被電擊或傷害，見下面說明…….
處理被損壞車輛
備注：當(dāng)處理被損壞車輛時(shí)，潛在的被電擊或暴露在高堿性化學(xué)物質(zhì)中可能不易察覺
所以，你需要總是準(zhǔn)備好防護(hù)裝備

When handling a damaged Prius, the potential for electrocution or exposure to
highly alkaline chemicals may not be obvious. Therefore, always prepare yourself with the following protective clothing.
安全手套
適用于電工作業(yè)的絕緣橡膠
防止電解液飛濺的耐堿橡膠
備注：手套必須有兩種獨(dú)立的性能，第一：在進(jìn)行任何有關(guān)高壓組件或線路的操作時(shí)，需要使用橡膠制成的絕緣手套，這些手套通常被認(rèn)為是電工手套，并被設(shè)計(jì)為按照澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如AS2225 ，能夠承受650V的工作電壓。
第二，抗堿性的合成橡膠手套同樣需要，當(dāng)工作中接觸鉀氫氧化物時(shí)，對(duì)人的組織有極其嚴(yán)重的傷害。

Two separate types of gloves are necessary, firstly, insulated gloves made from rubber materials are needed for working on any of the high voltage components or wiring circuits. These are commonly known as electrical linesmans gloves and are designed to meet certain Australian standards such as AS2225 for working voltages up to 650 volts.
Secondly, alkaline resistant synthetic rubber gloves are also needed when working with any electrolyte spillage as the potassium hydroxide electrolyte is extremely hazardous to all human tissue.
安全防護(hù)鏡＆安全鞋
防堿性類型，防止電解液的溢出
備注：戴上合適的眼部和足部的防護(hù)，以防止電池液的飛濺
最好的，面罩因該將所有的面部皮膚裸露部分覆蓋，安全鞋也必須具有耐堿性鞋底
Suitable eye and foot protection must also be worn in the event of an electrolyte spill.
Ideally, the face mask should cover all the areas of exposed skin on the face while the safety shoes must have alkaline resistant soles.
滲透硼酸處理方案
將 800 克的硼酸溶解在20升自來水中
中和所有溢出的HV電池電解液
備注：滲透硼酸處理方案被使用于中和所有電解液
處理方法是通過溶解800克的硼酸于20升自來水中
這個(gè)方法可以倒在電解液上，進(jìn)行中和
A saturated boric acid solution needs to be made to neutralise any electrolyte spills. 
This solution is created by dissolving 800 grams of powered boric acid into a clean vessel containing 20 litres of tap water.
This solution can then be poured onto the spillage, allowing it to neutralise.
紅色石蕊試紙
使用試紙檢查溢出的電解液是否已被中和
如果溢出的電解液仍然保持堿性，試紙會(huì)變成藍(lán)色
備注：當(dāng)你面對(duì)有可能是溢出電解液時(shí)，及早穿好合適的防護(hù)裝置，并剝下一片紅色石蕊試紙檢查溢出液，如果試紙變?yōu)樗{(lán)色，溢出的液體需要使用硼酸液進(jìn)行中和，
中和完成后，使用試紙?jiān)偃z查溢出液，確認(rèn)試紙顏色不改變
中和完畢后，使用棉布對(duì)殘余液進(jìn)行清理
When you are confronted with a possible electrolyte spill, wear the appropriate protective clothing mentioned earlier, and apply a strip of red litmus paper to the spill. If the litmus paper turns blue, then the spill needs to be neutralise with the saturated boric acid mixture. 
On completion, re-check the spill with red litmus paper and ensure that it does not change colour.
Once neutralised, always clean up the residue with waste cotton rag.
滅火器
HV 蓄電池使用二氧化碳類型滅火器
無法使用少量的水滅火，但可使用大量，并持續(xù)的水去滅火
備注：如果PRIUS著火時(shí)，使用常規(guī)的ABC干粉滅火器滅火，這種滅火器設(shè)計(jì)使用于油或電路火災(zāi)
然而，如果只是HV電池著火，則推薦使用二氧化碳滅火器
發(fā)生大面積或大的火災(zāi)時(shí)，持續(xù)的澆水也同樣適用熄滅HV電池火災(zāi)
使用少量的水，如只用一桶，是危險(xiǎn)的，實(shí)際上將加劇HV電池火災(zāi)的程度
If Prius catches fire, use a conventional ABC type fire extinguisher designed for use on both oil and electrical fires.
However, if the HV battery itself is on fire the recommended fire extinguisher is a CO? type. 
Sand or a large, continuous supply of water is also suitable for use to extinguish a HV battery fire.
The use of a small quantity of water, such as a bucket,  can be dangerous and actually increase the intensity of a HV battery fire.
吸水毛巾＆布
在溢出電解液被中和后，使用吸水毛巾＆布吸收多余的電解液
備注：用充足的吸水毛巾＆布，吸收事故中溢出的電解液是有必要的，然而，在使用這些布去吸收前，先要確認(rèn)使用試紙去檢查，確保所有溢出液已被中和
A supply of waste rags or toweling is necessary to soak up any spills in the event of an accident. However, always ensure that any spillage is not alkaline by testing the material with red litmus paper before attempting to soak it up.
膠布
使用絕緣膠布覆蓋所有的高壓電線或端子
在 維修塞被拔出后，使用絕緣膠布包住維修塞槽
備注：無論何時(shí)，當(dāng)高壓電線或端子裸露時(shí)，必須使用絕緣膠布將裸露部分包住
同樣的，在拆下維修塞后，使用絕緣膠布覆蓋維修塞槽，隔開端口
當(dāng)維修任何端子時(shí)，使用扭矩扳手按規(guī)定扭矩上緊防止損壞
Whenever a high voltage cable or terminal is uncovered it is necessary to insulate the exposed conductor with electrical insulation tape.
Also, after removing the service plug, cover the aperture with tape to insulate the port.
When refitting any terminal fasteners, always use a torque wrench set to the correct value to prevent damage.
萬用表
測(cè)量高壓組件的電壓
備注：要求使用高品質(zhì)，多功能數(shù)字式的萬用表檢查高壓回路中不同位置，在開始著手進(jìn)行維修工作前確認(rèn)所有電負(fù)荷已經(jīng)接地
伏特表電壓讀數(shù)為0
A high quality, digital multimeter is required to check various points of the high voltage circuit to ensure that all electrical charge has grounded prior to commencing any service work. 
The voltmeter reading should be zero.
當(dāng)如下操作時(shí)，要求進(jìn)行 …

進(jìn)行保養(yǎng)或維修 
處理損壞車輛
進(jìn)行事故恢復(fù)或急救工作
斷開HV 系統(tǒng)
備注：為了使得受到身體傷害或電擊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最小，處理PRIUS時(shí)將高壓系統(tǒng)斷開
這里顯示了如何進(jìn)行斷開
現(xiàn)在，讓我們學(xué)習(xí)如何做
 To minimise the risk of physical injury or electrocution when working on Prius vehicles always isolate the high voltage system.
This list indicates when this isolation should be done.
Now lets look at how it is done  .
程序
將換檔桿切換到P檔位 
備注：首先，踩下剎車，按下P檔按鍵
如果，沒辦法卻換到P檔，使用駐車檔塊防止車輛移動(dòng)
Firstly, apply the foot brake and select P range using the select lever. 
If it is not possible to select P range for some reason, use wheel chocks to prevent the vehicle from moving.
程序
使用駐車制動(dòng)器
備注：踏下駐車制動(dòng)器
程序
拔下點(diǎn)火鑰匙
備注：將鑰匙從鑰匙槽內(nèi)拿開
將鑰匙放在你的口袋是一個(gè)好的習(xí)慣
Remove the ignition key from the cylinder.
It is good working practice to keep the key in your pocket.
程序
斷開輔助電池的負(fù)極端子
備注：打開行李箱，尋找12V輔助電池，移開乘客側(cè)裝飾，斷開電池的負(fù)極
固定接地線，以防止端子移動(dòng)回電池負(fù)極端子
Open the boot to access the 12 volt auxiliary battery. Remove the passenger side trim and unbolt the battery negative terminal.
Position the earth strap so it cannot move back in contact with the negative terminal.
程序
戴上絕緣手套，拆下維修塞

維修插銷
備注：找到維修塞位置，拆下HV電池維修塞。當(dāng)處理橙色高壓組件和線路時(shí)，確保帶著絕緣橡膠手套
將拆下的維修插銷放在你的口袋中以防止其他人將它安裝回車上去，并將裸露的維修塞槽使用絕緣膠布封住
Locate and remove the HV battery service plug. Always wear insulated rubber gloves when working on the orange coloured high voltage components and wiring.
Place the service plug in your pocket to prevent someone else refitting it to the vehicle and cover the exposed plug port with insulating tape.
程序
如果因?yàn)閾p壞或其它的原因無法取下HV電池維修塞
在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)室內(nèi)接線盒中取下HV保險(xiǎn)絲
備注：當(dāng)出現(xiàn)意外事故或類似情況，HV電池的維修塞無法取下，可以通過將在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)室內(nèi)的HV保險(xiǎn)絲取下，達(dá)到斷開高壓線路的目的
In situations where the HV battery service plug is not accessible due to accident damage or similar circumstances, it is possible to isolate the high voltage circuit by removing the HV fuse from the engine room junction block.
移動(dòng) &amp;amp; 拖拽 Prius
如果出現(xiàn)如下情況，車輛必須被拖拽…
任何高壓系統(tǒng)組件或線路損壞
制動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)向，動(dòng)力分配或燃油系統(tǒng)被損壞
鑰匙插入后， READY 燈不點(diǎn)亮
備注：當(dāng)評(píng)估一輛事故損壞車輛時(shí)，只要高壓線路或組件有任何問題，或剎車，轉(zhuǎn)向，動(dòng)力分配或燃油系統(tǒng)有損壞，就不可以駕駛車輛，而必須使用拖車
在拖車前，按照前面幻燈片介紹的方法斷開高壓系統(tǒng)
When assessing an accident damaged Prius, the vehicle cannot be driven and must be towed whenever any of the high voltage circuit, including components, is damaged or there is damage to any brake, steering, power delivery or fuel system component.
Before towing the vehicle, isolate the high voltage system as described in the previous slides.
移動(dòng)Prius
在移動(dòng)損壞車輛完畢后，檢查所有溢出的堿性電解液，使用正確、安全的設(shè)備進(jìn)行中和
備注：一但車輛被移動(dòng)，檢查所有的殘留溢出電解液
使用紅色石蕊試紙和合適的安全設(shè)備，按照正確的方法檢查全車
進(jìn)行化學(xué)中和后，使用使用廢棄抹布對(duì)地板表面進(jìn)行清潔
 the vehicle has been moved, always check for any remaining spillage.
Check any material using the red litmus paper and proper safety equipment and treat as required.
Once chemically neutral, wipe the road surface clean with the waste rag.
檢查&amp;amp; 維修
當(dāng)對(duì)THS進(jìn)行檢查＆維修時(shí)，必須按照以下的要求準(zhǔn)備
不小心的操作將導(dǎo)致電擊或嚴(yán)重的身體傷害
按照維修手冊(cè)的程序和指導(dǎo)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行操作
備注：為使發(fā)生傷害或電擊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降到最低，在著手進(jìn)行HV系統(tǒng)的工作前，PRIUS技師必須按照后面的防范要求
To mimimise the risk of injury or electrocution, the Prius technician must take the following precautions prior to commencing work on the HV systems.
高壓線路
所有的高壓線路和連接器均為橙色，以方便辨認(rèn)
備注：記住，所有的高壓線路均為橙色以方便辨認(rèn)Remember, all high voltage circuit wiring is colour coded orange for easy identification.
準(zhǔn)備
檢查并記錄存儲(chǔ)器內(nèi)存有的所有DTC
斷開輔助電池的負(fù)極端子
戴上經(jīng)認(rèn)可的安全絕緣防護(hù)手套.
備注：在斷開輔助電池負(fù)極端子前，使用IT-Ⅱ檢查所有的ECU，記錄所有的DTC
Before removing the auxiliary battery terminal, record any diagnostic trouble codes by checking all ECU’s with the Intelligent Tester.
準(zhǔn)備
確認(rèn)你的手套如下…
無破損
無潮濕或水氣
是正確的類型
備注：在戴絕緣手套前面，總是要確認(rèn)手套是干燥的，無損壞和正確的大小
Before fitting your insulated gloves, always ensure they are dry, not damaged and are the correct size.
準(zhǔn)備
放置警告標(biāo)志在車頂上
備注：告訴附近的人，你在對(duì)高壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行作業(yè)是非常必要的，
這些可以通過放置標(biāo)志，如這里的例子，放置在車頂上
It is necessary to indicate to others within the general vicinity that you are working on the high voltage system.
This is done by displaying a sign, such as this example, on the vehicle’s roof.
維修插銷的拆除
拆下維修塞，并放在自己的口袋中
將維修塞槽用絕緣膠布貼起來
備注：找到HV電池維修塞的位置，戴上絕緣手套拆下維修塞
確保將維修塞放在你自己的口袋中，防止在維修中被其他人安裝回去
Locate and remove the HV battery service plug using insulated rubber gloves.
Always put the plug in your pocket to prevent it being refitted by someone else.
0V檢查
在開始檢查前等待5 分鐘
使用萬用表去檢查每一個(gè)相位
電壓讀數(shù)必須為0
端子 U
端子 V
端子 W
備注：一但維修塞被拆下，必需要等待5分鐘，使得變頻器中的電容器進(jìn)行放電，才可進(jìn)行作業(yè)
Once the service plug has been removed, it is necessary to wait 5 minutes before commencing work to allow the capacitors within the inverter assembly to discharge.
隔離外露區(qū)域
始終保持使用絕緣膠布隔離高壓系統(tǒng)的接線端或連接器
備注：無論何時(shí)高壓連接器或線路被拆卸，始終使用絕緣膠布去隔離裸露部分
Whenever a high voltage connection or cable is removed, always tape the exposed wire with electrical tape.
牽引Prius
斷開輔助電池負(fù)極端子
備注：在拖車前（除了四輪著地方式外），拆開乘客側(cè)的行李箱內(nèi)的裝飾物，斷開輔助電池的負(fù)極
固定接線，防止負(fù)極接線移動(dòng)連接負(fù)極端子
Before towing Prius(except with 4 wheels on the road), remove the passenger side boot inner trim and unbolt the negative terminal from the auxiliary battery.
Position the earth strap so it cannot move back in contact with the negative terminal.
拖拽Prius
采用牽引前輪或四輪離地牽引方法
備注：正確地牽引方法是，使得前輪離地或全部平放在卡車上
牽引車輛時(shí)，使得車輛前輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)將產(chǎn)生電能，如果此時(shí)車輛是損壞的，將極其危險(xiǎn)的
The correct towing procedure is to have the front wheels elevated off the road surface, such as a flat bed truck.
Towing the vehicle and allowing the front wheels to rotate will generate electricity which is extremely dangerous if the vehicle is damaged.
拖拽Prius
四輪著地狀態(tài)拖拽車輛，必須 滿足以下條件…
極低的車速 (少于 30 公里每小時(shí))
盡可能短的距離
換入 N檔
點(diǎn)火開關(guān)位置在 ACC
備注：如果車輛必須在四輪著地狀態(tài)牽引，盡可能在低速情況下牽引盡可能短的距離，使用鐵環(huán)連接車輛If the vehicle must be moved with all wheels on the ground, it should be for the shortest possible distance at very low speed, using the eyelet provided with the vehicle.
跨接起動(dòng) Prius
如果12V輔助電池沒有電…
主儀表 READY 燈無法點(diǎn)亮
車輛將無法起動(dòng)
備注：12V的輔助電池提供電能給ECU，包含高壓電路的控制系統(tǒng)
如果電池的電壓低于8V，車輛將無法起動(dòng)，主儀表READY燈無法點(diǎn)亮
車輛可以通過以下的方法跨接起動(dòng)
The 12 volt auxiliary battery provides power to all the ECU’s including the control systems for the high voltage circuits.
If the battery voltage falls below about 8 volts, the vehicle will not start and the ready light in the combination meter will not light.   
The vehicle can be jump started using the following procedure.
跨接起動(dòng)
按下P檔開關(guān), 設(shè)置駐車制動(dòng)，拔下鑰匙
備注：按照幻燈片的描述操作來保護(hù)車輛Secure the vehicle as described on the slide.
跨接起動(dòng)
如圖示，連接升壓電池組
起動(dòng)后，按照相反的順序斷開連接
備注：按照?qǐng)D中數(shù)字順序所示，連接一個(gè)12V的充滿電的電池，之后將PRIUS鑰匙插入起動(dòng)位置
當(dāng)PRIUS地發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行時(shí)，將跨接電池按照連接順序相反的順序斷開
Connect a fully charged 12 volt battery in the numeric order shown here, then turn the Prius ignition key to the start position.
Once the Prius engine is running, disconnect the jumper battery in the reverse order to the connecting procedure.
預(yù)防
PRIUS車嚴(yán)禁使用快速充電
輔助電池只能使用相同設(shè)計(jì)功能的電池替代
不要嘗試通過推或拉的方式起動(dòng)
如果HV電池完全放電，則需要更換
備注：輔助電池的充電率不可以超過3.5安培，充電的時(shí)間也必須受到監(jiān)控
輔助電池不是傳統(tǒng)的濕示鉛酸電池，必須使用相同設(shè)計(jì)功能的電池來替代
嘗試推或拉PRIUS將嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞機(jī)械部件，千萬不可嘗試
不可以通過任何外部電源對(duì)HV電池進(jìn)行充電，如果HV電池完全放電，則需要更換
The charging rate of the auxiliary battery must never exceed three and a half ampere and the charging time must be monitored.
The auxiliary battery used in Prius is not a traditional wet cell lead acid type and must always be replaced with one of a similar design.
Trying to push or pull start Prius will cause serious mechanical damage and should never be attempted.
It is not possible to charge the HV battery by any external source and it should be replaced if it completely discharges.

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